|
Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación (''Mexican National Educational Workers Union - SNTE'') is the largest trade union in Latin America, with over 1.4 million members. Its current Secretary-General and President is Prof. Juan Díaz de la Torre 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Excélsior: Juan Díaz de la Torre, nuevo presidente del SNTE )〕 It is currently the largest teachers union in the Americas and the largest union in Latin America. Formed in 1949, the SNTE is composed of local sections in each of Mexico's states. For much of its history, the SNTE has been a corporatist union allied with the long-ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and has been accused of having government-appointed ''charro'' leaders and anti-democratic tendencies. This resulted in a movement in the late 1970s and early 1980s in which sections from several states began demanding democratic reforms in the union structure. This movement resulted in the fall of SNTE leader Carlos Jongitud Barrios in 1989. He was replaced by Elba Esther Gordillo as President, a position she held until her arrest in late February 2013. ==History== The SNTE has its roots in the struggle of the teachers union since the time of President Porfirio Díaz, which easily suppressed all opposition. Teachers strikes in May 1919 and the strike of Veracruz in 1927 and 1928, established the need for an organisation. Both movements affected the construction and strengthening of the Mexican Confederation of Teachers. With the building of opposition to the government, in 1932 saw the formation of the Mexican Confederation of Teachers, and in 1934, the League of Education Workers (under the leadership of the Communist Party of Mexico), the Workers' University and the National Federation of Education Workers. By 1935 the United Front was formed from the National Education Workers, culminating with the creation of the National Confederation of Education Workers, during a period of a huge boom in worker, peasant and popular union associations. The SNTE began to consolidate from 1939, with the formation of various regionalised trade guilds and unions that were adhering to the Confederation of Workers of Mexico (CTM), which in turn served as the labor sector of the PRI. In 1936 the Confederation of Workers of Mexico supported the creation of the Union of Education Workers of the Mexican Republic (STERM Inter). From its foundation, it began to form the basis of a national educational system. But due to both internal and external conflict, break away unions formed, including the Revolutionary Front of Teachers (after the Mexican Union of Teachers and Education Workers). A crisis created the emergence of SNATE, that also later created FRMM, STERM and FSTSE. Véjar Octavio Vazquez tried to unite the teachers from the top, but only managed further division. In April 1942, he agreed a unity pact between SMMTE, SUNTE and STERM which created one national guild. With the support of CTM, the SNTE was created uner the leadership of Luis Chavez Orozco, who only remained in place for a year. During the administration of Adolfo Lopez Mateos, during the largest teachers strike in the first half of the 20th century, the government suppressed the strike, and so consolidated all teachers representation under the SNTE. In 1974, SNTE elected Carlos Jonguitud Barrios as its general secretary. A former elected member of PRI, whilst also serving as general director of the Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers (ISSSTE) from 1976 until 1979, he promoted trade unionism through regular strikes. As the union became more and more miltant, in an audience with President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, the President requested his resignation in 1989. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|